fluid mechanics Lab

Specification

• Air compressor - Double cylinder, Two stage type
• driven by a 2H.P.Three Phase motor mounted
• on air receiver provided with delivery valve.
• Pressure gauges at outlet of the both stages.
• Air tank 400 x 400 mm and orifice with water
• manometer for air intake measurement.
• Digital temperature indicator 0 to 200° C
• Energy meter to measure input power.
• Starter
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentations

The unit determines volumetric efficiency and isothermal efficiency at various discharge pressure.

Specification

• Water Tank Size :- 410 mm × 220mm × 260 mm Height.
• 270 mm distance between suspended mass and fulcrum.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentations

• To determine experimentally the resultant hydrostatic force (total force) applied on a submerged surface.
• To determine the center of pressure of an immersed rectangular surface .

Specification

• Tanks : 2 numbers of suitable size mounted on stand of size
• 200mm x 200mm x 600mm height.
• Flow channel of 750mm length made out of perspex sheets.
• Prizometer tubes equally spaced at 5cm
• Measuring tank of size 300 mm x 300 mm x 500 mm.
• Stop clock
• Sump tank of size1050 mm x 300 mm x 400mm.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentations

Bernoulli's theorem for the flow of real liquid can be verified.

Specification

• Sump tank with flow - 1050 mm x 300mm x 400 mm
• Measuring tank - 300 mm x 300mm x 500 mm
• Each line provided with flow control value for setting of different flow rates.
• Pressure tubes of different pipe lines are connected to common manometer through cocks.
• Easy to operate and replacement of Venturimeter & Orifice meter.
• Flow control value at the end of each line assures full running of pipe.
• Differential manometer of 300 mm l e n g t h w i t h mercury.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentations

• To determine the coefficient of discharge for a given venturimeter.
• To determine the coefficient of discharge for a given Orificemeter.

Specification

• The Unit should consist of
• Pitot tube for1" pipe line
• Pipe Line for Pitot tube
• 0.5 HP High Head Monoblock.

Range of Experimentations

• 300mm height Differential Manometer Measuring Tank: 300 x 300 x 500 mm Supply Tank :- 1050 x 300 x 400 mm
• Instruction Manual

Specification

• Storage tank with flow -400 mm x400 mm x 700 mm
• Measuring Flask - 1 ltr.
• Dye bottle tank-
• 170 mm x 170 x 300 mm long

Transparent tube:

• 1 meter long wit 20 mm I. D.
• Stand to mount glass tube
• Potassium Paramagnet

Provided as dye

• Sump Tank for Recirculation -
• 1050 mm x 300 mm x 400 mm

Range of Experimentations

• To determine the Reynolds's number and hence the type of flow either Laminar or turbulent.
• To determine upper & lower critical Reynolds's number's & velocities.

Specification

• M.S. tank or size 1000 mm x 700 mm x 300 mm with drain plug.
• A hollow ship model with balancing weight.
• Circular weight 4 in numbers.
• A graduated arc for measuring tilt angle.
• Ship size 300 mm x 300mm x 150 mm height.

Range of Experimentations

Determination of Metacentric Height of a ship.

Specification

• This is the basic module required by all the experimental setups

Storage Tank

• Made out of fiberglass for corrosion prevention, suitably mounted on a sturdy frame support. Size: 1050mm x 300mm x 400 mm height.

Collecting Tank

• Made out of fiberglass corrosion resistance, mounted on the top frame of the storage tank. Size of the collecting Tank is 300m m. x300m m x 500 mm height.
• Capacity approx. 45 liters, fitted with drain valve “1” size Manometer tube with calibrated list marking scale.

Monoblock Pump

• Monoblock, 1ph, ½ HP pump shall be provided with the set-up which shall be mounted on the base plate. Necessary piping with by-pass valve and suction piping are provided. The connection for the test equipment is made by flexible House pipe.
• Differential manometer of300mm length with mercury.
  • Instruction Manual

Specification

• Three pipes: 15mm, 20 mm & 25mm id nominal diameters approximately connected in a common manifold.
• Pressure tapping at 1 m distance.
• Supporting stand structure for the equipment.
• Measuring tank with drain valve & gauge glass.
• Differential manometer of 300 mm length with mercury.
• Measuring Tank: 300mm x 300mm x 500 mm Height
• Supply Tank :- 1050 mm x 300mm x 400 mm Height
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentation

• To determine coefficient of friction for pipes.
• To plot relation between pressure loss & flow rates
• for a particular pipe diameter.

Specification

TYPE:- Open Wind Tunnel.

Test /Working section -

• Material:- Acrylic Sheet 6mm thick.
• Size: - 300mm x 300mm x 1000mm long.
• Blower Fan :- 8 Blades,
• A.C. Motor :- 5 H.P. 1500 RPM, Make:– Kiroloskar
• A.C . Drive – Capacity 5 H.P.
• Air Velocity In Test Section: - 3 to 15 m/sec.

Range of Experimentation

A). To study the pressure distribution around

1. Aerofoil

• Symmetrical
• Unsymmetrical

2. Cylinder

B). To determine the characteristics of aerofoil by measuring lift and drag as function of the angle of attack for a given velocity of the flow.

C). Characteristics curves for wind tunnel.

D). Calibration of static pitot tube.

• Flow through pipes, channels may be laminar or turbulent. The type of flow depends upon the rate or volume of flow, surface roughness of pipe/ channel, velocity of fluid. However in most of the cases the flow is turbulent.
• The Acrylic test section with drain cock test specification with following models.
• Symmetrical aerofoil model
• Square model
• Circular model
• Instruction Manual

Specification

• Size approx. 220 mm x 360 mm height.
• Transparent Heleshaw Apparatus
• Suitable stand
• Two dimensional models of cylinder, aerofoil,Square & triangular
• Measuring cylinder

Specification

• M. S. storage tank (channel ) of size 250 mm x 250 mm x 1250 mm Length provided with four sets of baffles and sieves for steadying water supply, fixing arrangement for interchangeable notches. Baffles for steadying water supply. Arrange-ment for fixing interchangeable Notches. Supporting stand for the equipment.
• Measuring tank of 300 mm x 300 mm x 500 mm Height capacity with drain valve & gauge glass.
• Sump Tank size 1050 mm x 300 mm X 400 mm. Height
• Instruction Manual

Set of 2 brass Notches: (As requirement extra provided with extra cost)

• Rectangular Notch
• 'V’ Notch.60°C

Range of Experimentation

• To determine Co-efficient of discharge (Cd) through a) Rectangular Notch
• V Notch

Specification

• 30 cm x 30 cm dia. transparent cylinder mounted on a stand.
• Differential lever mechanism with adjustable load screw mechanism dead weight to measure the force.
• Sump Tank 1050 x 300 x 400 Height mm.
• Measuring tank - 300 mm x 300mm x 500 mm Height with drain valve.
• Two nozzles with inside section : Straight taper ,Curved taper.
• Any Two vanes of - (with requirement give 5 all with extra cost)
• Semicircular vane with angle of deflection 180°
• Curved vane with angle of deflection 135°
• Horizontal flat vane angle of deflection 90°
• 60° inclined flat vane
• 30° inclined flat vane.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentation

• To study the impact of jet on various types of vanes & to measure impact forces.

Specification

• 0.5 HP Monoblock
• Universal Motor
• Acrylic Vessel Ø 200 x 300mm Height
• Sump tank 1050 x 300 x 400 mm Height
• Measuring Tank 300 x 300 x 500mm Height

Forced Vortex Flow

• Forced vortex flow is one in which the fluid mass is made to rotate by means of some external agency. The external agency is generally the mechanical power which imparts a constant torque on the fluid mass. Then, in such a flow there is always expenditure of energy. The forced vortex motion is also called flywheel vortex or rotational vortex.

Example

• Rotation of water through the runner of a turbine;
• Rotation of liquid inside the impeller of a centrifugal pump.
• Rotation of liquid in a vertical cylinder.

Free Vortex Flow

• Free vortex flow is one in which the fluid mass rotates without any external agency. The whole fluid mass rotates cither due to fluid pressure itself or the gravity or due to rotation previously imparted. The free vortex motion is also called potential vortex or ir-rotational vortex.

Example

• Flow around the circular bend.
• A Whirlpool in a river.
• Flow of liquid in centrifugal pump casing after it has left the impeller.
• Flow of water in a turbine casing before it enters guide vanes.
• Flow of a liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a vessel.
• Instruction Manual

Specification

• 0.5 H.P. pump to circulate water through the piping.
• Sump tank : 1050 x 300 x 400 mm Height
• Measuring tank : 300 x 300 x 500mm Height
• Rotameter of range 250 to 2500 LPH
• This is a simple and cheaper method
• of flow measurement. Mainly this
• system is used for calibrating other instruments.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentation

• To check rotameter flow readings for discharge by comparing thedischarge in the measuring Tank.
• To study rotameter and observe if working.

Specification

BASIC SET-UP:- This is the basic module required by all the experimental setups.

STORAGE TANK:-

• Made out of fiberglass for corrosion prevention suitably mounted on a sturdy frame support. Size 1050 mm x 300 mm x 400 mm Height. & measuring Tank.

COLLECTING TANK:-

• 300 mmx 300 mm x 500 mm Height. COLLECTING TANK - : Made out of fiber glass for corrosion resistance, mounted on the top frame of the storage tank. Size of the collecting Tank is 300 mm x 300 mm x 600 mm Height. Capacity approx. 60 liters, fitted with drain valve 1” size Mano meter Tube with calibrated lits.Marking scale.

MONOBLOCK PUMP:-

• Monoblock 1ph, ½ HP pump shall be provided with the setup which shall be mounted on the base plate. Necessary piping with by-pass valve and suction piping are provided. The connection for the test equipment is made by flexible Hose-pipe.

THE EQUIPMENT:-

• The present equipment is a set-up used to study the performance of Orifice meter & Mouth Piece. Any of the device can be adopted and the performance can be studied.
• Instruction Manual

Range of Experimentation

• To determine hydraulic coefficient for orifice and mouthpiece at different heads.

Specification

• Capacity - IHP, with DC motor variable speed type 4 Amp. OR
• Centrifugal! Pump – 1HP. With AC motor & Pulley Type
• Sump tank - 1000 x 700 x 300m height
• Measuring tank - 600 x 400 x 250mm height
• Energy meter
• Pressure Gauge
• Vacuum Gauge C
• On / Off Switch

Range of Experimentations

To find out efficiency of a Centrifugal pump Test Rig at various speeds.

Specification

• Centrifugal pump - Mono block, 'ISI mark, Kirloskar' make, 1”x 2” size, 2 stage pump with 1HP single phase induction motor
• Sump tank - 1000 mm x 300 mm x 400 mm height,
• Measuring tank - 300 mm x 300 mm x 500 mm height. OR Venturi Meter & Pressure Gauge.
• Energy meter for motor input measurement.
• Pressure gauge at 1st and 2nd stage delivery & vacuum gauge at suction for measurement of head.
• Stop watch.
• The assembly of pump & control are mounted on the sump tank.

Range of Experimentations

To find out efficiency of a Centrifugal pump Test Rig at various speeds.

Specification

• Reciprocating pump set suitable for pump test at variable
• Speeds size 1/2 " X ¾ " to discharge 220 GPH at 40m. head, (approx.) electric motor of capacity 1 HP A.C. OR D.C. motor single phase drive from the motor to pump is given by a variable reduction pulley belt drive OR Dimmer Stat
• Special arrangement for quick Alteration of speed. Additional special large air vessel is provided.
• i) Variable speed arrangement by reduction Pulley.
• ii) Pressure gauge, Vacuum gauge, foot valve,
• iii) Energy meter. Switch, starter, and stop clock.
• iv) Measuring tank of size 300 mm x 300 mm x 500mm with scale Fitting and I “drain valve
• v) Sump Tank of 1000 mm x 300 mm x 400 mm
• vi) Instruction manual

Range of Experimentations

• To find out efficiency of reciprocating pump at Different discharges.

Specification

• Sump Tank : 1200mm x 600mm x 600mm
• Specific Speed : Approx. 19 RPM
• Net Head : 45m Approx.
• Discharge : Approx. 820 LPH approx.
• Normal Speed : 750 RPM.
• Power : 1kw ( 5HP motor)
• Runner Diameter: 250 mm.
• Number Of Buckets : 16
• Brake Drum Diameter : 200 mm.
• Centrifugal Pump set suitable for supply of water of size coupled to 5 HP induction motor 3 phase 400 V. A. C. supply.
• Flowing Measuring Unit : A 2' inch venturi meter OR Orifice meter OR Manometer with two pressure gauges on a Panel board to measure the differences of pressure.
• Starter switch, piping, foot valve, gate valve.
• Spring Balance 10Kg- 1 No., 25Kg-1 No.

Range of Experimentations

• Demonstrating the operating characteristics i.e. power efficiency and torque of a Pelton Wheel at various speeds.
• Determining the performance characteristics and effect of discharge and velocity of impinging water on Turbine operation.

Specification

• A Pressure gauge and Vacuum Gauge for head measurement. Rope brake arrangement by two circular balance methods. 300mm dia. cast iron water-cooled brake drum mounted on the main shall with bearings for load test. The head of the turbine is 5 to 8 meters and discharge about 1500 LPM.
• 5 HP pump set suitable for supplying water to the above turbine and for operation on 400 Volts 3 phase 50 cycles AC mains.
• TPIC Switch and DOL, starter for the Pump set.
• Flow measuring unit, consisting of 150mm Orifice meter and pressure gauge.
• Piping system consisting of pipes, valves, and fittings complete set suitable for the test rig.
• Fiber glass lined MS. Sump of size 1500mm x 1000mm x 550mm height to store sufficient water for independent circulation through the unit for experimentation and arranged within the floor space of the main unit.
• Rigid M. S. framework compactly lilted with all the above items as a self-sufficient package unit suitable for operation without any foundation.

Range of Experimentations

To find out efficiency of a Kaplan Turbine at various speeds

Specification

• Francis Turbine Horizontal type of size 75 mm, develop about 1kW output, made of cast iron spiral casing, bearing housing and Airfoil shaped gun metal guide vane and gun metal runner Transparent outlet pedestal with stainless steel draft tube.
• The cast iron external bearing pedestal for longer bearing life. A Cast iron base plate and slotted dead weights for conducting experiments in metric units. Pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge for head measurement in meters. 300mm dia. cast iron water- cooled brake drum mounted on the main shaft with bearings for load test. The head of the turbine is 10 meters and discharge at about 1000 LPM
• 5 HP supply pump set 75mm size, 1000 LPM at 14 meters head suitable for supplying water to the above turbine and for operation on 400 Volts 3 phase 50 cycles AC mains.
• Switch and DOL Starter suitable for the above Mono block pump set, mounted on a panel board.
• Flow measuring unit, consisting of a suitable orifice meter, pressure gauges.
• Piping system consisting of nines, valves, fittings complete with suitable for the test rig.
• Fiber glass lined M. S. Sump of size 1500mm x 1000mm x 550mm height to store sufficient water for independent circulation through the unit for experimentation and arranged within the floor space of the main unit.
• Rigid M. S. framework compactly lilted with all the above items as a self-sufficient package unit, suitable for operation without any foundation. Note: Space required 2m x 1m x 25m height

Range of Experimentations

To find out efficiency of a Francis Turbine at various speeds.

Specification

• 1 HP A. C. blower to drive the impellers.
  • Forward vanes
  • Radial vanes.
  • Backward vanes
• Orifice meter and manometer 300 mm 2 Nos. to measure air flow.
• Flow control valve on discharge side.
• Energy meter to measure input

Range of Experimentations

To find overall efficiency of the blower

Graph – Head Vs Discharge

Specification

• Single stage, single cylinder air compressor driven by a 1 HP motor, with receiver and pressure safety valve.
• Digital multi channel temperature indicator 0° to 200° C measure the temperature at various point.
• Pressure gauge to measure discharge pressure.
• Energy meter to measure input power.
• Orifice with water manometer to measure quantity of air sucked in.
• Air Tank 300 mm x 300 mm
• Starter.

Range of Experiment

The unit determines volumetric efficiency and isothermal efficiency at various discharge pressure.

Specification

• This is a demonstration type model. The hydraulic ram consists of a valve chamber. The valve chamber contains a waste water valve and delivery valve.
• Water to chamber is supplied from an overhead tank and delivered through a pipe of comparatively small diameter at a height above the height of overhead tank.
• The water flow is intermittent or cyclic.
• Over Head tank-100 lit capacity.
• Head over Ram - 2m
• Diameter of Supply pipe 50mm.
• Diameter of delivery - 15mm.
• Valve chamber comprising of waste valve and a delivery valve.
• A non return valve fitted in delivery pipe.